Technologies
50–100 blocks per second. Fully quantum‑safe.
Traidag is the engine of Tenrai: designed and built from scratch, not forked from another chain. Miners find blocks in parallel, validators put them into one final order every 2.5 seconds, and every signature is post-quantum at NIST security category 3. High speed and quantum safety, without trading one for the other.
50
Blocks per second
The mainnet target, with bursts up to 100.
500
Transactions per second
The mainnet target, with bursts up to 1,000.
225+
Blocks per second, measured
Sustained under full load on the experimental testnet, with more than 2,500 transactions per second.
10–20 ms
Transaction speed
A new block every 20 ms on mainnet, every 10 ms in bursts. Plus world latency: faster than the blink of an eye.
Speed, measured
Mainnet aims at 50 blocks per second and takes bursts of 100. The testnet runs at 100 and bursts to 200. Our experimental testnet goes further: it currently holds 230 blocks per second under sustained full load, with more than 2,500 transactions per second.
On mainnet a new block follows every 20 ms, every 10 ms in bursts, and that is also how fast a transaction travels into the chain. Add the time the internet needs to carry it around the world, and a payment lands in a block from anywhere faster than the blink of an eye. Tenrai already runs close to the physical limit: on top of what the internet itself needs, it adds only 10 to 20 ms.
A record with full post-quantum security
As of today, to our knowledge, no decentralized blockchain with full post-quantum security at NIST category 3 has measured higher block and transaction rates.
Final means final
Many blockchains have no fixed finality, or only after a long wait. A payment there grows safer with every confirmation, over minutes and often hours. Some chains become final after 12 to 24 hours, others never, and until then a reorganization can still undo the payment. For real-life payments that is a real problem, because every shop has to guess how long to wait.
Tenrai is final for good, after 2.5 to 5 seconds. Validators holding more than two thirds of the stake sign a new cut every 2.5 seconds, on the testnet every 1.5 seconds. A payment is final the moment the cut that executes it is signed, and a signed cut is never rolled back. No reorganization, no guessing.
In research: final in under 800 ms
We are researching fast paths that would make a payment final worldwide in under 800 milliseconds. Plans for their integration already exist and hold up in theory. They are not part of mainnet yet.
How safe is a confirmation?
On a proof-of-work chain a payment never becomes final; it only gets harder to reverse with every confirmation. The Bitcoin whitepaper puts numbers on it: an attacker with 10 % of the hashrate still reverses a payment with one confirmation about one time in five, and with six confirmations about one time in 4,000. With 30 % of the hashrate, six confirmations still fail about one time in eight.
Even without any attacker, blocks fall away. When two miners find a block at the same time, one of them is thrown out, together with the confirmations it gave. Measured in February 2016, that happened to 0.41 % of Bitcoin blocks and 6.8 % of Ethereum blocks.
It has happened
In August 2020 Ethereum Classic was hit by three 51 % attacks in one month. They rewrote 3,693, about 4,000 and more than 7,000 blocks, around two days of history, and exchanges were asked to wait for more than 7,000 confirmations. In May 2018 an attack on Bitcoin Gold double-spent about 388,000 BTG, roughly 18 million US dollars, at exchanges.
On Tenrai a payment waits for no confirmations. Once its cut is signed by validators holding more than two thirds of the stake, it is final: no hashrate, however large, can roll it back. And no quantum computer either, because every signature behind it is post-quantum.
Sources: S. Nakamoto, Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System (2008), section 11; A. Gervais et al., On the Security and Performance of Proof of Work Blockchains (ACM CCS 2016); The Block, 31 August 2020; BleepingComputer, 24 May 2018.
Quantum-safe at full speed
Post-quantum security is heavy. Every signed input in Tenrai carries a 1,952-byte public key and a 3,309-byte ML-DSA-65 signature: 5,261 bytes, where a classic Ed25519 signature needs 96. That is about 55 times the data, on every transaction and every vote. At 50 blocks per second it means more bandwidth between nodes, more CPU for hashing and checking, more storage, and queues that must push back cleanly under load. Fast chains with classic signatures never carry this weight. Doing it at full speed is a different league.
55 times the data
Every transaction carries a full post-quantum key and signature for each input. Nodes receive, check and store all of it at 50 blocks per second.
Certificates without shortcuts
Post-quantum signatures cannot be merged into one. Each cut certificate carries up to 64 full signatures, about 200 KiB.
Two layers, one certificate
That is why Traidag certifies cuts, not blocks: one certificate every 2.5 seconds instead of 50 every second.
Calm under pressure
Every queue in a node has a limit. Under full load the network pushes back early, so nodes keep up instead of piling up work.
Proof of work meets proof of stake
Traidag gives each method the job it does best. Proof of work keeps block production open: anyone with a GPU or CPU can find blocks, about 50 every second, without permission and without stake. Proof of stake makes the result fast and certain: validators chosen by stake seal everything that has arrived into a final cut every 2.5 seconds. Each side keeps the other in check, and neither can rewrite history alone.
Miners: open to everyone
Anyone with a GPU or CPU can find blocks with TenQ. No stake, no permission. Miners earn half of all new TRAI and half of the fees.
Validators: fast and final
Up to 256 validators can register, and the 64 with the most stake sign a cut every 2.5 seconds with post-quantum signatures. A cut needs more than two thirds of the stake behind it.
Stakers: no server needed
Delegate TRAI to a validator and earn from the stakers' half of all rewards. The coins stay yours: the validator cannot move them. The network has room for 65,536 stake positions.
Checks and balances
Hashrate cannot undo a final cut, and validators cannot invent blocks or bend the rules: every node checks every block and every cut for itself.
From block to final
Step by step: a miner finds a block, the next cut registers it, the cut after that runs it in an order every node computes the same way, and the validators' signatures make the result final. A certified cut is never rolled back.
No race, no lost blocks
On a classic chain, two miners who find a block at the same moment race each other, and the loser's work is thrown away. Traidag has no longest chain and no heaviest branch. Valid work that registers in time counts, wherever it was found, and no reorganization can undo a payment.
What makes Traidag different
Built from scratch, not a fork
Traidag is Tenrai's own design, not a copy of another blockchain. Consensus, block pipeline, TenQ proof of work and node software were all written from the ground up, for one goal: high speed with full post-quantum security.
Quantum-safe end to end
Every signature, every validator vote and every connection between nodes uses post-quantum cryptography, from your wallet to the validators.
How Tenrai is quantum-safeOrder without clocks
Blocks carry no timestamps. Transactions run in an order that follows from the blocks themselves, so every node ends up with exactly the same balances, wherever and whenever it received them.
Every coin accounted for
Balances are whole numbers of atoms, never rounded. Every cut checks that all coins add up to exactly what has been issued, down to the last atom.
One chain, even under stress
If too few validators are online, Traidag waits for them instead of splitting into two versions. Once they are back, it carries on, and everything final stays final.
Validate from home
A validator needs no open port, no fixed IP address and no router setup. It connects out like any app, and validators pass on each other's votes when needed.
Light on disk
Nodes can keep just the last few days of blocks and still check every new block in full.
At a glance
- Mainnet
- 50 blocks per second, bursts to 100 · 500 TPS, bursts to 1,000 · a cut every 2.5 s
- Testnet
- 100 blocks per second, bursts to 200 · 1,000 TPS, bursts to 2,000 · a cut every 1.5 s
- Experimental testnet
- 230 blocks per second sustained under full load · more than 2,500 TPS
- Finality
- after 2.5 to 5 s on mainnet · a signed cut is never rolled back
- Work block
- up to 10 transactions, anchored to a final cut
- Validator committee
- up to 64 of 256 registered validators · a quorum above two thirds of the eligible stake
- Signatures
- ML-DSA-65, NIST category 3, on every transaction and vote
- Transport
- TLS 1.3 with X25519MLKEM768
- Commitments
- SHA-384
- Proof of work
- TenQ, for GPUs and CPUs
- Rewards
- half to miners, half to stakers
Ready on day one
Traidag does not start as a bare chain. From the first day it brings what builders, miners and users need:
- Full SDK@tenrai/sdk for TypeScript and JavaScript: every API route, live streams and a wallet that signs.
- WebAssemblyThe node's own protocol code in the browser: keys, addresses, transactions and signing.
- Mining in the browserTenQ runs in WebAssembly and WebGPU, so a browser tab can mine.
- Multisig2-of-3 and 3-of-5 addresses, so no single key can move shared funds.
- Time locksCoins that unlock only after a set time, for vesting, savings or deadlines.
- Hash locksCoins that unlock with a secret: the building block of atomic swaps with other chains.
- TSP-2 stealth paymentsPrivate payments with zero-knowledge proofs, built into the protocol.
- Trai MessengerEnd-to-end encrypted chats between wallets, kept on the chain.
- Staking for everyoneDelegate to a validator and keep your coins, with commissions from 0 to 10 %.
- A note for every recipientAttach a reference to each recipient of a payment, readable in the explorer.
- Address proofsProve you own an address with a post-quantum signature, and compare addresses by six verification words.
- Pruned nodesKeep only the last few days of blocks and still check everything new.
- Live event streamFollow every final cut, resumed right where a connection dropped.
- Signed API answersNodes sign what they answer, so apps can check it came from them.
- Pool-ready miningStratum for every miner, plus an optional protocol over post-quantum TLS.
- Rule upgradesNew rules switch on at a fixed height, without a new chain.
- Burn addressTake TRAI out of circulation from any wallet, visible to everyone.
- Exchange-ready walletA wallet daemon with JSON-RPC and live events takes deposits and pays out withdrawals for exchanges and shops.
Be part of it
Mine blocks with your GPU or CPU, stake TRAI with a validator that signs every cut, or watch it all happen live.